{"id":4489,"date":"2020-11-11T05:26:27","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T18:26:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/?page_id=4489"},"modified":"2020-11-19T11:19:23","modified_gmt":"2020-11-19T00:19:23","slug":"the-nuremberg-raid-martin-middlebrook","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/henry-harry-stephen-ratcliffe\/the-nuremberg-raid-martin-middlebrook\/","title":{"rendered":"The Nuremberg Raid - Martin Middlebrook"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-columns ugb-columns ugb-b9dd754 ugb-columns--design-plain ugb-columns--columns-3 ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-columns__item ugb-b9dd754-content-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-column ugb-column ugb-56e7d71 ugb-column--design-plain ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-column__item ugb-56e7d71-column-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-column__content-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/book-cover.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/book-cover.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4566\" width=\"130\" height=\"193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/book-cover.jpg 544w, https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/book-cover-202x300.jpg 202w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 130px) 100vw, 130px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-column ugb-column ugb-f0ab05e ugb-column--design-plain ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-column__item ugb-f0ab05e-column-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-column__content-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/book-back-cover.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/book-back-cover.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4567\" width=\"127\" height=\"192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/book-back-cover.jpg 535w, https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/book-back-cover-198x300.jpg 198w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 127px) 100vw, 127px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-column ugb-column ugb-56664ab ugb-column--design-plain ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-column__item ugb-56664ab-column-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-column__content-wrapper\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First published in 1973, the book is still readily available.<br><br>This is a very well researched and written book and informative read.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>#kt-modal_1d922c-27 .kt-blocks-modal-link{color:#555555;background:transparent;border-color:#555555;border-radius:4px;font-size:16px;line-height:24px;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;padding:4px 8px 4px 8px;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;}#kt-modal_1d922c-27 .kt-blocks-modal-link:hover, #kt-modal_1d922c-27 .kt-blocks-modal-link:focus{color:#ffffff;background:#444444;border-color:#444444;}#kt-modal_1d922c-27 .kt-modal-overlay, #kt-target-modal_1d922c-27 .kt-modal-overlay, .kb-modal-content_1d922c-27 .kt-modal-overlay{background:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);}#kt-modal_1d922c-27 .kt-modal-overlay, #kt-target-modal_1d922c-27 .kt-modal-overlay, .kb-modal-content_1d922c-27 .kt-modal-overlay{-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}#kt-modal_1d922c-27 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(max-width: 1024px){#kt-modal_1d922c-27 .kt-modal-container, #kt-target-modal_1d922c-27 .kt-modal-container, .kb-modal-content_1d922c-27 .kt-modal-container{width:100%;border-top:0px solid #ffffff;border-right:0px solid #ffffff;border-bottom:0px solid #ffffff;border-left:0px solid #ffffff;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){#kt-modal_1d922c-27 .kt-modal-close svg, #kt-target-modal_1d922c-27 .kt-modal-close svg, .kb-modal-content_1d922c-27 .kt-modal-close svg{width:24px;height:24px;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){#kt-modal_1d922c-27 .kt-modal-container, #kt-target-modal_1d922c-27 .kt-modal-container, .kb-modal-content_1d922c-27 .kt-modal-container{width:100%;border-top:0px solid #ffffff;border-right:0px solid #ffffff;border-bottom:0px solid #ffffff;border-left:0px solid #ffffff;}#kt-modal_1d922c-27 .kt-modal-close svg, #kt-target-modal_1d922c-27 .kt-modal-close svg, .kb-modal-content_1d922c-27 .kt-modal-close svg{width:24px;height:24px;}}<\/style>\n<div id=\"kt-modal_1d922c-27\" class=\"wp-block-kadence-modal alignnone kt-modal-linkalign-right\"><div id=\"kt-target-modal_1d922c-27\" class=\"kadence-block-pro-modal kt-m-animate-in-fadeup kt-m-animate-out-fadeout\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-modal-overlay\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-modal-close=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-modal-container kt-modal-height-fittocontent kt-close-position-inside\" role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"true\"><button class=\"kt-modal-close\" aria-label=\"Close Modal\" data-modal-close=\"true\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><line x1=\"18\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y2=\"18\"><\/line><line x1=\"6\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"18\" y2=\"18\"><\/line><\/svg><\/button><div id=\"kt-modal_1d922c-27-content\" class=\"kt-modal-content\"><style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id_546b50-27 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id_546b50-27 .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{padding-top:20px;padding-right:20px;padding-bottom:20px;padding-left:20px;border-color:#ff6900;border-top-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-width:2px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id_546b50-27 .kb-table-of-contents-title{font-size:32px;font-weight:bold;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id_546b50-27 .kb-table-of-content-wrap .kb-table-of-content-list{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}<\/style><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><a class=\"kt-blocks-modal-link kt-modal-label-show\" role=\"button\" data-modal-open=\"kt-target-modal_1d922c-27\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-modal-link-inner\">Table of Contents<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Short Description of the Nuremberg Raid <\/strong><br><strong> from <a aria-label=\"Timeline of Strategic Aviation (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gblume.com\/timeline-of-strategic-aviation\/wwii-1944\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Timeline of Strategic Aviation<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">RAF BC launches 214 Handley Page Halifaxes, 9 de Havilland Mosquitoes, and 572 Avro Lancasters against Nuremburg, Germany. &nbsp;This raid is launched despite this night having a full-moon, which is usually cause for a stand-down. &nbsp;A meteorological forecast of heavy cloud-cover over the planned route gives cause for launching the strike regardless, supposedly protecting the force from moonlit visibility.&nbsp; This cloud cover does not occur.&nbsp; Instead, the only real cloud cover is over the target area, and as a result, most of the Pathfinders and bombers mistakenly bomb nearby Schweinfurt.&nbsp; This is the costliest operation of the entire war for RAF BC and is the final strike launched before absorbed under SHAEF (14 April 1944). &nbsp;RAF BC is not released from SHAEF\u2019s control until 3 September 1944. &nbsp;(69 killed)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-subtle-pale-green-background-color has-fixed-layout has-background\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">Bombers Launched:   <\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">795<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">Bombers Effective:   <\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">644<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">Bombers MIA:   <\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">95<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">Bombers Abort:   <\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">151<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">Abort Rate:   <\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">19%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">Loss Rate:   <\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">12%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The following are excerpts from the book by Martin Middlebook <em><strong>The Nuremberg Raid <\/strong><\/em><br><em><strong>30 - 31 March 1944.<\/strong><\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">All excepts relate to Squadron 640 stationed at Leconfield Air Field, Yorkshire, England.<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-columns ugb-columns ugb-ad76e45 ugb-columns--design-plain ugb-columns--columns-2 ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-columns__item ugb-ad76e45-content-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-column ugb-column ugb-34e01e1 ugb-column--design-plain ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-column__item ugb-34e01e1-column-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-column__content-wrapper\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Crew 8 <\/strong><br><strong>LW549 C8-B<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\/O J D Laidlaw, J\/23294, <strong>RCAF <\/strong>(Pilot) (KIA)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sgt D G Cutler, 1391319, <strong>RAFVR <\/strong>(Flt Engr) (KIA)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\/Sgt F W Shuttle, 174066, <strong>RAFVR <\/strong>(Navigator) (KIA)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\/O M M Corcoran, 414769, <strong>RAAF <\/strong>(Bomb Aimer) (KIA)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/corcoran.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4492\" width=\"101\" height=\"119\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Martin Michael Corcoran (8\/7\/1918 - 31\/3\/1944)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/corcoran-roll.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/corcoran-roll.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4494\" width=\"230\" height=\"194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/corcoran-roll.jpg 470w, https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/corcoran-roll-300x253.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\/Sgt J Henderson, 1108757, <strong>RAFVR <\/strong>(WOp AG) (POW)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\/O J Austen, 145520, <strong>RAFVR <\/strong>(Mid Up AG) (POW)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\/Sgt K A Bush, 410590, <strong>RAAF <\/strong>(Rear AG) (POW)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Kevin Alexander Bush (19\/1\/1921 - 20\/7\/1989) <\/strong> (DoD recorded on Ancestry for a Kevin Alexander Bush born in 1921 who, at time of death, was in Western Australia.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized caption-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bush-capture.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bush-capture.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4508\" width=\"291\" height=\"167\"\/><\/a><figcaption>From service record of F\/Sgt Bush.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image caption-align-center\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/kevin-bush.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/kevin-bush.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4498\" width=\"318\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/kevin-bush.jpg 466w, https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/kevin-bush-263x300.jpg 263w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 318px) 100vw, 318px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Bruce Simpson mentioned here was the pilot of LANCASTER III LM376 PO-O of 467 SQUADRON shot down in the same raid.  All members baled out. Simpson was interned in Switzerland and was eventually repatriated to England. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-column ugb-column ugb-016dd6f ugb-column--design-plain ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-column__item ugb-016dd6f-column-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-column__content-wrapper\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Review at 00:45 <br>Page 175<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Perhaps nothing can illustrate more clearly the horror of being in a shot-down bomber than the story of the last moments of a 640 Squadron Halifax which was caught by a single <em>schr<\/em>\u00e4age <em>Musik<\/em>* burst.  As the Halifax was weaving at the time, the explosive cannon shells hit the nose section as well as the starboard wing and engines.  The Canadian pilot received terrible injuries to his legs and just had time to order his crew to bale out before he died.  The flight engineer was either killed outright, or like his pilot, mortally wounded.  The navigator, also badly injured, fell across the forward escape hatch and prevented others using it.  Three men managed to leave by the rear hatch but the seventh man in the crew, Flying Officer Martin Corcoran, an Australian from a little town in Queensland, refused to leave the injured navigator and, although he had time to escape, was last seen by the side of his dying comrade.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">*<em><strong>Schr\u00e4ge Musik<\/strong><\/em>, which may also be spelled&nbsp;<em><strong>Schraege Musik<\/strong><\/em>, was a common name for the fitting of an upward-firing&nbsp;autocannon&nbsp;or&nbsp;machine gun, to an&nbsp;interceptor&nbsp;aircraft, such as a&nbsp;night fighter.  <a aria-label=\"(Wikipedia) (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schr%C3%A4ge_Musik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">(Wikipedia)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following description of the crash is from a pdf: RAAF PERSONNEL SERVING ON ATTACHMENT IN ROYAL AIR FORCE SQUADRONS AND SUPPORT UNITS IN WORLD WAR 2 AND MISSING WITH NO KNOWN GRAVE<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\"When outbound the aircraft was shot down by an ME110 and it crashed at Wolferbutt, a village on the west bank of the Ochse, 6kms SSE of Vache. Four of the crew were killed and Flt Sgt Henderson, FO Austen and Flt Sgt Bush were POW\u2019s. Those killed are buried in the Berlin 1939-1945 War Cemetery, Germany.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-columns ugb-columns ugb-e4b9efb ugb-columns--design-plain ugb-columns--columns-2 ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-columns__item ugb-e4b9efb-content-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-column ugb-column ugb-fc3f373 ugb-column--design-plain ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-column__item ugb-fc3f373-column-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-column__content-wrapper\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Halifax LW500<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">640 Squadron lost three aircraft that night and LW549 is mentioned above and LW555 mentioned below leaving Halifax LW500 outstanding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>From <a href=\"https:\/\/aviation-safety.net\/wikibase\/234538\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Aviation Safety Net (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Aviation Safety Net<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Takeoff at 22:05 hrs for an operation to N\u00fcrnberg in Germany.<br>Homeward-bound, the aircraft was attacked by the night fighter crew of Hauptmann Modrow &amp; Unteroffizier Schneider of the 2.\/NJG 1, who had taken off from Venlo airfield in the Netherlands at 02:07 hrs, in He 219 A-2 G9+CK. It was ditched off the coast, all seven crew members are missing in action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>From <a aria-label=\"Air Crew Remembered (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aircrewremembered.com\/AlliedLossesIncidents\/?q=LW500\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Air Crew Remembered<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>W\/O D. W. Burke<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pilot Officer David Warnock Burke (25 yrs) RCAF J\/6415<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sgt. W. Crory<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Air Gunner Sgt Weir Crory (20 yrs) RAFVR 1795076<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sgt. R. A. Eastman<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Air Bomber Sgt Reginald Arthur Eastman (U\/K age) RAFVR 1251915<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sgt. W. Haden<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WOp\/AG Sgt William Haden (U\/K age) RAFVR 1431390<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sgt. A. J. N. Jamieson<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Flight Engineer - Allan James Nolf Jamieson (20 yrs) RAFVR - 1823518<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sgt. M. M. Stillard<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Air Gunner Sgt Michael Martin Stilliard (19 yrs) RAFVR 1588796<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>F\/O. F. W. Woods<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Navigator F\/O Frederick Walter Woods (28 yrs) RAFVR 136862<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>All crew were missing in action, believed killed. Memorialised at Runnymede Memorial.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-column ugb-column ugb-6fac79e ugb-column--design-plain ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-column__item ugb-6fac79e-column-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-column__content-wrapper\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Return Flight - Page 235<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">(Relative to the raid on Nuremberg on 30-31 March 1944)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">German fighters were responsible for the destruction of five bombers between the German border and the Channel coast.  Another was either a fighter victim or had succumbed to heavy icing - it is only known that a propellor came off and hit the fuselage with the loss of the entire crew.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\"Another had been hit by Flak as it flew over Metz and crashed later and a third Halifax was seen by many crews to be hit by Flak and go down into the sea off Dieppe  It is not known whether it was hit by a coastal Flak battery or by a Flak ship.  The aircraft concerned was probably a 640 Squadron Halifax which was the only heavy bomber lost on that night not subsequently traced by the R.A.F.'s Missing Research Teams.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See separate <a href=\"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/halifax-lw500-missing-in-action\/\" class=\"ek-link\">page<\/a> on crew of LW500.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-columns ugb-columns ugb-06cb491 ugb-columns--design-plain ugb-columns--columns-2 ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-columns__item ugb-06cb491-content-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-column ugb-column ugb-9c2a71e ugb-column--design-plain ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-column__item ugb-9c2a71e-column-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-column__content-wrapper\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-column ugb-column ugb-3f7cc64 ugb-column--design-plain ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-column__item ugb-3f7cc64-column-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-column__content-wrapper\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Next Morning - <br>Page 253<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Those men who had landed in the south with badly damaged aircraft returned to their home airfields by train.  A 640 Squadron crew were surprised that, when they crossed London by Underground, complete with flying suits and parachutes \"nobody took the slightest bit of notice of us despite our impedimenta and generally scruffy appearance and, when we reached Beverley, the station master refused to let us use his telephone to ring Leconfield for transport.  We couldn't raise tuppence between the seven of us and it was some time before we found a 'phone.  All of which went to show that the world did not think us heroes even if we did ourselves.\" <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-columns ugb-columns ugb-4ade7e9 ugb-columns--design-plain ugb-columns--columns-2 ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-columns__item ugb-4ade7e9-content-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-column ugb-column ugb-8d28525 ugb-column--design-plain ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-column__item ugb-8d28525-column-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-column__content-wrapper\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Crew 33, 640 Squadron<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Halifax LW555<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\/O O'Brien C. - Pilot<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\/O Van Fleet R. - Bomb Aimer <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\/O Carleton R.H. - Navigator<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sgt Wangler A.L. - Wireless Operator<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sgt Mc Fadden T.C. - Air Gunner<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sgt Bake E. - Air Gunner<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sgt Martin E. - Flight Engineer<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All of the crew are buried in the Rheinberg War Cemetery, Germany.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-column ugb-column ugb-b61951e ugb-column--design-plain ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-column__item ugb-b61951e-column-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-column__content-wrapper\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Nuremberg Force - <br>Page 338<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">640 Squadron, Leconfield.  16 Halifaxes dispatched, 13 bombed, 3 missing, 3 damaged.  18 men killed, 3 prisoners.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Halifax LW555<\/strong> (F\/O C. O'Brien, killed), 27th down by fighter attack; crashed at Halbs, 5 kms north of Westerburg.  Crew on 4th operation, 7 killed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Halifax LW549<\/strong>  (F\/O J. D. Laidlaw, killed), 58th down by fighter attack; crashed at Wolferbutt, 25 kms south west of Eisenach.  Crew on 21st operation, 4 killed, 3 prisoners.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Halifax LW500<\/strong>  (P\/O D. W. Burke, killed), 96th down, presumed by coastal or naval Flak near Dieppe and crashed into sea.  Crew on 5th operation, 7 killed.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-columns ugb-columns ugb-89d2758 ugb-columns--design-plain ugb-columns--columns-2 ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-columns__item ugb-89d2758-content-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-column ugb-column ugb-0f77984 ugb-column--design-plain ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-column__item ugb-0f77984-column-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-column__content-wrapper\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C. E. Willis <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quote from C. E. Willis, <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">640 Squadron<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Page 157<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-column ugb-column ugb-dd3df05 ugb-column--design-plain ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-column__item ugb-dd3df05-column-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-column__content-wrapper\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Long Leg <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I was in the nose of our Halifax and no matter in which direction I looked I could see tracer fire and balls of flame falling, which I believe were aircraft going down.  We were in the middle of all the activity so I put on my parachute as I envisaged a short career with Bomber Command.  Incidentally, on only one other occasion during my tour did I deem this action necessary.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-columns ugb-columns ugb-10aeca6 ugb-columns--design-plain ugb-columns--columns-2 ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-columns__item ugb-10aeca6-content-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-column ugb-column ugb-3bf7400 ugb-column--design-plain ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-column__item ugb-3bf7400-column-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-column__content-wrapper\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L. D. Leicester<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quote from L. D. Leicester,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Squadron Leader<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">640 Squadron<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Page 188<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-column ugb-column ugb-1a9fed0 ugb-column--design-plain ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-column__item ugb-1a9fed0-column-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-column__content-wrapper\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nuremberg<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It was without doubt the worst night that I can ever remember and I could not recall when the R.A.F. was thrown into so much confusion resulting, of course, in bombs being scattered anywhere.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-columns ugb-columns ugb-3edec61 ugb-columns--design-plain ugb-columns--columns-2 ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-columns__item ugb-3edec61-content-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-column ugb-column ugb-a18bd97 ugb-column--design-plain ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-column__item ugb-a18bd97-column-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-column__content-wrapper\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pilot Officer Cotter<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pilot Officer John Cotter of Crew 20, Squadron 640. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image caption-align-center\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"686\" src=\"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/cotter-1024x686.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4537\" srcset=\"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/cotter-1024x686.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/cotter-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/cotter-768x515.jpg 768w, https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/cotter.jpg 1433w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>John Cotter - front and centre.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Page 210<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-column ugb-column ugb-121d3ee ugb-column--design-plain ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-column__item ugb-121d3ee-column-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-column__content-wrapper\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Other Targets<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pilot Officer Cotter, a Halifax pilot on his thirtieth operation, carried the experienced Base Bombing Leader as his bomb-aimer but his navigator was only on his first or second trip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\"With the heavy fighter attacks, the navigator could not have had a more unfortunate introduction and eventually he was unsure of his position.  Before we were due at Nuremberg we saw Pathfinder markers going down just off our track.  We had not been briefed of any diversionary target here and I immediately assumed we were at Nuremberg.  I just thought we were lucky that, with minimum navigational assistance, we had got to Nuremberg and bombed.  Not one of us queried the target.  I still believe that the markers had been put down by the Pathfinders.  When you fly over a city which is marked, is apparently being bombed heavily, where you see several combats in progress, you assume it is your target.\" <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-columns ugb-columns ugb-0ecfcc5 ugb-columns--design-plain ugb-columns--columns-2 ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-columns__item ugb-0ecfcc5-content-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-column ugb-column ugb-9505bb4 ugb-column--design-plain ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-column__item ugb-9505bb4-column-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-column__content-wrapper\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pilot Officer Cotter<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pilot Officer John Cotter, Squadron 640. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Page 240<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-column ugb-column ugb-5e04660 ugb-column--design-plain ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-column__item ugb-5e04660-column-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-column__content-wrapper\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Return Flight<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\"As we flew up over Lincolnshire and south Yorkshire we began to suspect that all was not well.  When the bomber force was returning from a raid, the flarepaths of the bomber airfields illuminated the countryside.  This night, all seemed to be in darkness.  When we got to Leconfield, the airfield lights were out; they were not expecting us so soon.  We knew then that we had bombed the wrong target.\"<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-columns ugb-columns ugb-98f4c5b ugb-columns--design-plain ugb-columns--columns-2 ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-columns__item ugb-98f4c5b-content-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-column ugb-column ugb-487c6e8 ugb-column--design-plain ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-column__item ugb-487c6e8-column-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-column__content-wrapper\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Flight Sergeant K. A. Bush, 640 Squadron<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Page 317<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-column ugb-column ugb-75d5a52 ugb-column--design-plain ugb-main-block\" id=\"\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-column__item ugb-75d5a52-column-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-column__content-wrapper\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Years That Followed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\"Even now, when I see a bright moon, I think of it as a Nuremberg moon.\"<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>First published in 1973, the book is still readily available. This is a very well researched and written book and informative read. Short Description of the Nuremberg Raid from Timeline of Strategic Aviation RAF BC launches 214 Handley Page Halifaxes, 9 de Havilland Mosquitoes, and 572 Avro Lancasters against Nuremburg, Germany. &nbsp;This raid is launched [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4492,"parent":4183,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","footnotes":""},"folder":[],"class_list":["post-4489","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"featured_image_urls_v2":{"full":["https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/corcoran.jpg",90,106,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/corcoran.jpg",90,106,false],"medium":["https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/corcoran.jpg",90,106,false],"medium_large":["https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/corcoran.jpg",90,106,false],"large":["https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/corcoran.jpg",90,106,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/corcoran.jpg",90,106,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/corcoran.jpg",90,106,false]},"post_excerpt_stackable_v2":"<p>First published in 1973, the book is still readily available.This is a very well researched and written book and informative read. Table of Contents Short Description of the Nuremberg Raid from Timeline of Strategic Aviation RAF BC launches 214 Handley Page Halifaxes, 9 de Havilland Mosquitoes, and 572 Avro Lancasters against Nuremburg, Germany. &nbsp;This raid is launched despite this night having a full-moon, which is usually cause for a stand-down. &nbsp;A meteorological forecast of heavy cloud-cover over the planned route gives cause for launching the strike regardless, supposedly protecting the force from moonlit visibility.&nbsp; This cloud cover does not occur.&nbsp;&hellip;<\/p>\n","category_list_v2":"","author_info_v2":{"name":"annie7","url":"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/author\/annie7\/"},"comments_num_v2":"0 comments","acf":[],"taxonomy_info":[],"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/corcoran.jpg",90,106,false],"author_info":{"display_name":"annie7","author_link":"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/author\/annie7\/"},"comment_info":0,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4489","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4489"}],"version-history":[{"count":77,"href":"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4489\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4698,"href":"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4489\/revisions\/4698"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4183"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4492"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4489"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/annielogan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/folder?post=4489"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}